Diabetes and the associated cardiovascular and renal complications are among the largest burdens for patients, as well as the public healthcare system. Several different drugs that show a significant benefit are available, with the largest benefit produced if given at the earliest possible time point. However, guidance on which specific medication to apply per patient is currently lacking. Partners in this consortium have investigated urine and plasma proteome in multiple clinical studies and identified several biomarkers expected to predict drug response. In addition, the consortium has access to large biobanks of diabetic patients undergoing different types of pharmacological intervention. Building on these extensive available resources, SIGNAL targets to evaluate and establish predictive biomarkers that enable guiding anti-diabetic treatment with respect to prevention of chronic kidney and cardiovascular disease. The study will establish and prompt advancement towards clinical implementation of predictive biomarkers-opening the way towards the personalised treatment of people with diabetes.