Lung cancer is the number one cancer-related killer worldwide and less than 20% of patients survive five years. Current treatments for lung cancer are initially effective, but acquisition of resistance almost inevitably occurs in most patients. The main aim of the consortium is, therefore, to develop effective personalised treatments that combine individual oncogenic targets with additional anti-cancer compounds and in particular with anti-cancer immune therapy. For optimal translation between basic research and clinical application, preclinical research will first validate the efficacy of novel personalised therapies in genetically engineered mice (GEMs) that recapitulate oncogenic lung cancer driver mutations found in patients. In parallel, we will select lung cancer patients that harbour identical driver mutations, evaluate their immunological baselines, take biopsy samples and use these for patient derived xenograft (PDX) therapy validation. Since the final aim of the consortium is to develop effective personalised treatment, we plan a first investigator initiated clinical trial (IICT) for testing the most beneficial therapy in pre-selected patients. Because personalised medicine raises novel ethical and socio-economic questions, one participating group will investigate how elevated treatment costs are socially justified and how normative concepts of individualised approaches in personalised cancer therapy can be best implemented.